In this way, the anode will only be formed of lithium particles and will have a smaller volume than a lithium-ion technology anode, which contains the graphite structure. When the cell is charging, the lithium particles move from the cathode, through the structure of the atoms that form the separator, and then move in between the separator itself and the anode’s electrical contact, thus forming a solid layer of pure lithium. The fact that there is this solid, resistant support allows the removal of the graphite structure on the anode part and ensures that lithium metal accumulates directly on the anode (there are also semi-solid solutions where the electrolyte is a gel). It therefore becomes the medium through which the ions move and also has electric insulating properties and as a mechanical separator between the anode and cathode. The grey central layer is the solid-state separator which, on its own, acts both as the separator between the anode and cathode and as the electrolyte. An anode made of lithium metal (pure lithium).A separator, generally ceramic or solid polymer, which also works as the electrolyte.A cathode (or positive electrode), which can be made with the same compounds as a lithium-ion battery (eg.While in traditional lithium batteries, the electrolyte is a liquid, solid-state cells are formed of: However, the internal structure of a solid-state cell is very different, as all its parts are solid. The lithium ions therefore move through the electrolyte and intercalate in the crystal structures of the two anode and cathode electrodes (structures which have empty spaces inside, where the lithium ions fit as they are very small particles). In a current lithium-ion battery, the separator does not have any other functions apart from insulation and is totally submerged in the liquid electrolyte which soaks everything inside the cell and becomes a real medium through which lithium ions move between the cathode and anode, where the anode is made from a graphite structure. The electrolyte fills the entire volume inside the cell, soaks the electrodes and allows the lithium ions to move by acting as a connecting link between the cathode and anode. the medium through which ions move an organic liquid that contains lithium salt. a thin layer made from a plastic polymer (polyethylene or polypropylene) which acts as a mechanical separator between the anode and cathode and works as an insulator. carbon or graphite) and the current collector the negative pole of the battery made of anodic material (eg. LFP, NMC, LMO, etc) and the current collector the positive pole of the battery made of cathodic material (eg. compounds that can accept the intercalation of lithium ions inside their structure. The following picture shows the structure of an actual lithium-ion cell, the technology that is now used in the vast majority of electric vehicles in circulation. Listeners to Battery Weekly know this all too well, the live weekly programme on the Flash Battery LinkedIn and YouTube channels, where every Monday at 6:00 pm, our experts, Marco Righi, Alan Pastorelli and Daniele Invernizzi review the latest news from the world of electrification and where the subject of solid-state batteries has become one of the hottest topics.īut when we talk about solid state, a variety of different factors come into play, with a series of great advantages but also many limits that are still being studied and, to date, are delaying its entry onto the market. Solid-state battery technology may seem like the final frontier of technology in this sense, a solution being finalised that has all the potential to become the future of electric mobility. The lithium battery sector is constantly evolving, with real research every day into developing increasingly high-performance, innovative technologies, which can guarantee greater range, power and ever shorter charging times.
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